• أولمبياد لندن 2012

Russia

In Russia, ambitious domestic targets to improve energy efficiency by 40 % by 2020 against 2007 levels; an increased share of renewable energy; efficient forestry management; and a planned increase in nuclear energy all offer the prospect of low carbon economic development and establish favourable conditions for Russia to set a more ambitious emissions reduction target at Copenhagen. 

Key facts

• Surface area (square kms): 17,075,200 sq km
• Population: 140,041,247 (July 2009 est.)
• Population density in 2007 (per square km): 8.4
• CO2 emission estimates per capita: 10.9 tonnes
• GDP: $2.225 trillion (2008 est.)

Energy production

• Electricity (kW-hr; 2006–07): 989,017,000,000  
• Hard coal (metric tons; 2006–07): 237,700,000
• Lignite (metric tons; 2006–07): 70,300,000  
• Crude petroleum (barrels; 2006–07): 3,482,900,000  
• Petroleum products (metric tons; 2004): 175,486,000
• Natural gas (cu m; 2006–07): 865,524,000,000

Energy production  

• Electricity (kW-hr; 2005):  940,000,000,000
• Hard coal (metric tons; 2004): 144,978,000
• Lignite (metric tons; 2004): 75,460,000
• Crude petroleum (barrels; 2005): 1,022,000,000
• Petroleum products (metric tons; 2004): 94,312,000
• Natural gas (cu m; 2005): 402,100,000,000
  

Russian steel complex converts waste into power

The industrial town of Cherepovets, about 400km north of Moscow, has been a major steel centre for over half a century, and to this day, most of the citizens depend on its huge integrated steel plant for work, heat and power